Author: Amy Tryphena

  • Exploring Duloe Stone Circle: A Journey Through Time

    Exploring Duloe Stone Circle: A Journey Through Time

    I board the Looe valley line, the two fuggy carriages stuffed with hot, pink skinned tourists. All headed for a bucket and spade day at the seaside.

    My stop, the Cornish hamlet of Causeland, comes into view through the trees of the wooded valley, as the train snakes slowly down the scenic branch line. My destination, one of Cornwall’s most magnificent megalithic monuments. 

    Duloe stone circle is thought to date from the early to middle bronze age – approximately 4000 years ago – around 2000 years BCE. Like all Kernow’s megalithic monuments, it is still an alluring enigma and sits just three miles from Causeland station.

    The train stops here so rarely I must specifically request it with the conductor, who instructs me to ‘wave the driver down’ upon my return.

    With relief I jump off into the fresh air alone. There is a little scrap of platform, with a small concrete shelter. The burbling stream runs alongside, a remnant of the 18th century Looe to Liskeard canal.

    Once the train is out of earshot, I find myself in a timeless scene. The fields behind the stream are alight with riotous swathes of fuchsia fireweed. I’m alone with a chorus of birds, whistling and chattering, accompanied by a band of bees, drunk on the wildflowers.  There is something magical about having a place to myself. I feel like I’ve stepped through the looking glass to another realm. My own secret garden.

    I dally up a narrow lane, lined by old Cornish hedgerows, full of early – summer life. In the cool dappled shade, hogweed dances among the pink campion flowers. Ferns droop and fight with bindweed for space. Foxglove spines set seed, their flowers now just a memory of spring.

    I find the path I identified on the map, starting in the valley, rising out of a carpet of meadowsweet

     I make my way to a clearing atop the hill between two deep valleys of woodland. Butterflies flit among the drooping grass seed. Taking in the view I can see how this was an important vantage point in ancient times. The hill-tops of Bodmin moor to the North – adorned with the remains of prehistoric societies, the Cornish coast to the south.

    I know this is the ridge-top the stone circle sits upon.

    Consulting my map, I choose to rebel against the prescribed right of way. I want to travel as the crow flies, to truly familiarise myself with the landscape the ancient monument belongs to. To travel across country on pilgrimage to a sacred space, like I imagine the bronze-age peoples once did. I have purposefully taken the overland route from the train-stop, avoiding the road, to avoid the trappings of modernity.

    I trespass, keeping to the borders of fields.  Scrambling over hedgerows, following badger tracks, ducking through barbwire.

    I track boot prints into a maize field. Others have been this way. At this point I can hear the stones calling – my internal GPS pulling me.  

    My breath catches as through the hedgerow I glimpse my first sight of the menhirs. I push through the ivy, over the stone wall, into the neighbouring field.

    The stone circle stands in the North end. The grass a sea of standing hay, peppered with hogweed, white flowers bobbing in the breeze. Spires of thistle, adorned with purple crowns. Russet docks, heavy with seed, whisper in the breeze.

    Swathes of drooping nettles border the field, heavy, bowing under the weight of their seeds. Brown butterflies flit amongst them.

    I approach the ring of eight granite, weathered monoliths with a tingle in my sternum. Thick with seams of pearly quartz, dressed in patches of hairy lichens and velvet moss. Hues of pink and grey run through the white rock. The tallest menhir reaches a metre above my head, the smallest shoulder height. Despite being the smallest stone circle in Cornwall, it boasts the grandest, largest stones.

    I step into the monument barefoot, the energy palpable, a visceral reaction in my solar plexus. A distinctly feminine energy.  I admire the stones, running my fingers over them, exploring like a familiar lover. Enjoying the smoothness of the quartz juxtapositioned with the coarseness of the darker granite.

    A feeling of wellbeing, a wave of tingles, like blood returning to a limb, floods my being. My feet connect with the earth energy. I ground myself, taking root in the centre.

     Temporally dislocated, I sink back through the millennia.

    Cornwall Live

    No doubt the monument had many uses over the millennia, for gatherings, ceremonies, healing and connecting with the spirits of the land. The discovery of a bronze age burial urn inside the circle, supposedly containing cremated human bones, suggests to some a burial site – with the circle possibly built around a cairn.

    The four largest stones are set at the cardinal points of North, East, South and West. There is also a potential alignment with late neolithic and bronze age monuments on Bodmin moor to the North. To me this suggests a higher purpose, spiritual work connecting with earth energies and reaching altered states of consciousness. (This is based purely on gut feeling rather than anything resembling archaeological evidence.) It’s possible the urn was buried at this site because of its prior significance.

     I imagine how the white quartz menhirs would have shone beatific by day and glowed celestial in the full moon light. A sacred site drawing pilgrims from across bronze age Britain. The hardships and perils they would have faced upon their journey. Called by this stone monument, set high upon the hill rising between the valleys of thick temperate rainforest. Today it continues to be a treasure, a place of worship, for communing with nature and the ancestors. Frequented by megalith enthusiasts, dowsers, geomancers, pagan worshippers, spiritual pilgrims and local dog walkers.

     Representing different meanings to different people throughout time. Today, after four millennia it stands as a third space, a refuge, a place of healing and regeneration.

    After spending some time with the individual stones, I take myself to the centre to sit and meditate. I sink back to lie upon the welcoming grass. Feeling the breath of the mild breeze upon my face, it wicks the sweat from my brow. The only sound the birdsong and the faint melody of children playing somewhere in the village. The peace is obtrusively broken by the sound of a strimmer starting up in the distant far corner of the large field. I mentally will him to stop and he veers off and takes his strimmer elsewhere. Perhaps subconsciously aware he is not welcome.

    Looking up at the wisps of cloud that float across the azure sky I feel a profound sense of connection between heaven and earth.

    I close my eyes and start my breathing into my meditation. Calling upon the elemental spirits of the earth below, the air above, the water of the blind springs that I suspect flow deep underneath the impermeable granite rock, and the fire of life that animates us all.

    As I lay in the centre, two women arrive at the circle with a curious dog who comes to lie alongside me. As I visualise the healing light rising from the earth, transmitted via the stones the dog reacts, barking until I reach out and place a hand upon him. He settles and continues to lie beside me until I finish my meditation. The owner apologises, but there is no need. I often find dogs are sensitive to the energies that lie within these megalithic monuments.

    Today’s profound experience has left a deep imprint upon me. Pleasantly exhausted I opt for the beaten path back to Causeland train station. I venture through the village and descend back into the valley via an endless hot dusty lane. I reach the cool lushness of the flora rich valley with relief and take my place on the platform to await the train back to Liskeard. I hear the old diesel engine chugging through the trees and, as instructed, wave the driver down.

    First published in Northern Earth Magazine: Issue 182

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  • Man Engine: A Short Folktale

    Man Engine: A Short Folktale

    Wheal Coates mine on the North Cornwall Coast

    4–6 minutes

    William Wendron balanced on a wooden stool, wedged into the corner of the old pub, leaning upon the slate bar top. A crooked half smile fixed upon his face; old hands deformed with arthritis by years of toil in the damp with pick and axe. He grappled with his mug, draining the last of the sour gin down his throat.

    He welcomed the warmth spreading out from his gut, encompassing his wizened body; worn before its time, the pain of years of hard labour dulled under the gin’s spell. He knew he should not have another; he had promised the mine captain he would stop turning up in the morning stinking of gin with glazed eyes. Despite the ember of guilt in his conscience he shouted for the barmaid.

     “You’ll be rocking turning up for work tomorrow,” she said as she poured.

    He knew his fellow miners were angered by his complacency. He knew he made life more precarious than it already was.

    “How else is a broken miner supposed to keep going,” he thought.

    His bones ground upon each other and his inflamed joints howled. His lungs were shot these days. Being down in the dark since a boy of eight and now in his thirtieth year; it was taking a vicious toll on his chest. The blasting. The drilling. The dust. All ruinous to the airways.

    He sunk half the contents of the mug; the gin catching in his throat, sparking a deep wracking cough that tore through him like knives slicing through his chest wall. Little red specks caught on the glass. His bloodshot eyes peaked wide; fear crumpled his deeply lined face. He slammed his free hand down upon the cracked slate bar, growled, and threw the remaining drink down his throat.

    It was a murky muggy morning. The mizzle rain hung as if suspended in the air instead of falling from the sky. Walking to work William wore a slight tell tale tremble.

    After collecting his leather hat, brass lamp and pick, he lined up for the man engine.  The mighty steam powered beam engine; with its oscillating piston operated the mechanism of synchronised ladders and platforms to transport men up and down the vast hole.

     Starting his journey, 400 fathoms down into the mineshaft, William stepped out onto the first narrow wooden ledge to take him down to the next reciprocating platform. He sprung to the next as it rose up toward him.

    However, this day the hubris of the well-rehearsed and the fog of the alcohol made him careless. Misjudging his step in one hideous, nauseating moment he was falling to meet his fate. The promise of death rose to meet him.

    He plunged, winded, into the depths of glacial black water. Unharmed but with no way of knowing his location in the great underground web of passages; he was certain that death was still to be his fate.

    The terrible darkness pressed upon him. He kicked and pulled his way through the water; until he felt a ledge up and out. Relieved but still desperately lost; he convulsed with cold and terror. No way to navigate centuries of old shafts that ran for miles under the earth; he was certain he was still a dead man.

    He had no idea how long he lay there when he heard 3 loud knocks. Like splitting rock echoing around him. Three more knocks followed. The sound roused him from his despair.

    He spotted three lights dancing in the black. He struggled to focus his eyes upon them, but he was reminded of miner’s lanterns.

    “No this cannot be.”

    He hauled himself to his feet. With nothing to lose he followed the lights through a crevice in the rock. He squeezed himself through the tunnel; stooping low so not to scalp himself. Water bled from the walls. The consummate dark lit only by the phantom lights ahead.

    After what could have been hours the lights blinked out. A whimper of despair escaped his lips. Then he caught the faint taste of the open air. He pressed forward; clawing his way along the old shaft until he saw the sliver of daylight.

     He breached the ground and emerged into the world. His face screwed against the hostile sunlight he was bewildered with no sense of place or direction. Overcome with relief he stripped his wet garb from his body and lay prostrate upon a granite slab.

    Two voices travelled up the valley, “Hell, I can’t rid myself of that sight of William falling like that.”

    The older of the two replied, “A terrible death, but better him than us. At least he took none with him. Foolish drunkard of a man, we are better off without him.”

    The two mine workers rounded the corner of the spoil tip and met the sight of a naked William face down in the dirt.

    “What is this poor devil doing, with his bare cheeks to the heavens?” said the younger miner.

    Rolling onto his back William hooted.

    “You! William! For a man of no faith, you are a lucky bastard,” said the oldest.

    “How… Why would God save you, of all the damned souls, why you?” He spat into the dirt. “Why you…” His voice caught on the words.

    “It wasn’t God that saved me, we all know too well God’s angels don’t dwell under the ground with us men of the dark,” William said.

    “Then how?”

    “The knockers my friend. Ghosts, miner’s souls trapped forever in the mines. They must have taken pity on me. They led me to the light,” said William.

    “You are no friend of ours. We lost so many, but you – you were saved. No – I don’t believe it.”

    William sprawled out on his back, wearing nothing but a grin upon his face.

    “I could do with a drink,” he thought.

    First published by Literally stories

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  • Piskey Led – A Short Tale

    Piskey Led – A Short Tale

    Looking down across North Penwith Moors

    3–5 minutes

    Ghosts of the old world make their presence still known upon the moors. Known by their ancient stone walls and standing stones that still litter the landscape. The walkers, incongruous in their primary colours, garish symbols of the twenty first century.

    The group, as per the instructions set for them by the B&B owner that morning, wore their coats inside out.

    He told them, “Tis a defence against being Pyski-led. Cause I hope to see you all return.”

    Of course, the tourists had no idea what this meant, but in a humorous nod to the peculiar local traditions, they complied.   

    Ding Dong Mine, Madron, Penwith

    Two couples and a fifth wheel set out upon Penwith moor that afternoon. The unattached member of the party grudgingly took up the rear.

    Occasionally he would stop to photograph fungi that protruded from the verges, or to finger the yellow gorse flowers that encroached upon the path.

    “Andy, will you keep up. You don’t want to be left behind.”

    The cloying humidity pressed close so Andy removed his post box red coat to tie around his waist.

                This was a mistake.

    Afternoon passed and dusk crept upon the group; purple hues and dark shadows warned of the encroaching night.

    Dusk creeps upon Penwith Moors

    “Keep up man,” shouted the couples.

    Andy, enraptured by the local flora, continued to stop and observe nature’s treasures.

    As he bent to catalogue a wax cap mushroom; a glossy tactile yellow specimen, he failed to notice the peculiar mist that had descended. Surprised to find himself enveloped in this damp shroud he forged on.

    He realised he had lost the path and had found his feet upon sodden turf devoid of footprints.

    He shouted for his fellow walkers but the fog absorbed his voice.

    “Okay, don’t panic I’ll use the sun, it’s setting to my west so this must be the path east to the car park,” he reasoned.

    He walked on. In circles. For hours.

    His breath came fast and shallow.  His heart beat crept up; drumming a panicked rhythm against his ribs.

    Unbeknown to him he had slipped over the threshold between worlds into the land of the hidden folk. If only he had known the etiquette of this strange land.

    He came upon a gathering within a granite circle of lichen decorated standing stones.

    Taken within Boskednan Stone circle with Carn Galva to the North, Penwith Moors

    Inside was a raucous scene of music, dancing and feasting. People only two foot high at their tallest, dressed in clothes woven from green sedge fronds. Those dancing in the centre of the revellers wore red woollen capes that flared about their shoulders as they spun like whirling dervishes.

    The etiquette in this world is clear. You must never let the fairy folk; the pyskies – spirits of the unbaptised dead, catch you observing them. You must continue upon your way as if oblivious to their presence.

    Cornish piskies or ‘little people’ as they are sometimes known

    Andy, our coatless walker, who shrugged off his protection, did not know this lore. In his amazement he stared at this peculiar scene and called out to the private little folk who revelled within the ancient circle of stones.

    “Hello…Oh god please can you help me? I don’t know where I am – I’m completely lost.”

    A sudden silence fell over the merriment. All eyes fixed upon him, unblinking. 

    Two sharp claps came from within the crowd and the fair vanished.

    At once multiple hands descended upon him; relentlessly pinching, slapping, poking and pulling at his clothes. He tumbled – endlessly – through gorse bushes and brambles. Thorns tore at his skin.

    The torment seemed eternal, but at some point, he must have fallen unconscious. He awoke, from what seemed like the deepest sleep of his life, on a blanket of moss, upon a bed of granite. Roused by an inquisitive wet nose nudging at his face, he opened his eyes to the soulful gaze of a brown Labrador, wagging his tail with a search and rescue insignia on his red harness. His human companion followed behind on his radio,

    “Got him.” He turned to Andy, “Am I glad to see you mate, been looking all round here for three days now.”

    First Published by Literally Stories

    Cornish Piskie art by creaturesbygreg on Deviant Art

    Have you ever had an experience with one of Cornwall’s infamous ‘little people?

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  • Discover the Traditions of Imbolc and the Cornish Furry Nights

    Discover the Traditions of Imbolc and the Cornish Furry Nights

    2–3 minutes

    What is Imbolc?

    Otherwise known as Candlemas, Brigid’s or St. Brigit’s day, Imbolc is an ancient Celtic fire festival celebrating the first whispers of Spring as winter comes to a close. Usually celebrated on February the 1st or 2nd, Imbolc marks the mid-point between Winter Solstice and the Spring equinox, when the first hardy shoots of life emerge from the soil. Imbolc means ‘in the belly’ – a probable reference to the time of year when pregnant ewes start to lactate, marking the beginning of the agricultural year.

    As far as we know celebration of Imbolc stems from an iron-age Celtic practice, associated with the Gaelic goddess Brigid and the Brythonic Goddess Brigantia. Both goddesses of fire and fertility are connected with the coming of spring and this fire festival, which is one of the cross-quarter days that make up the Celtic wheel of the year.

    Throughout the British Isles there are neolithic (late stone-age) monuments that align with the rising of the sun at Imbolc – the mid-point between the winter solstice and spring equinox. This suggests that this time of year has been marked as significant since long before the Celtic people arrived on these isles.

    Furry Nights

    In Cornwall the Celtic quarter nights are known as the Furry Nights, or Troyl Nights , meaning feast or celebration. Imbolc, or Candlemas as it is known in Cornwall, is also known as the ‘feast of lights’. Not strictly guided by the calendar, in Cornwall the feast of lights would be guided by nature and those first signs of life, like the arrival of snowdrops. A traditional Cornish drink of ewe’s milk, honey, cider and mashed apples would have been drunk to mark the start of the farming season.

    Cornish Cunning-Folk

    Cornish cunning-folk would ritually mark the end of winter and the return of the sunlight as the days noticeably lengthen. Traditionally fires and candles would be lit to awaken the earth’s life force from its winter slumber. A witch’s powers would be renewed with the coming spring, a time to re-empower charms and such like. A traditional rite would involve a night time procession by candlelight to a holy well, where offerings would be made, small fires would be lit, and the life-force encouraged from the portal of the water.

    Cornwall’s Megaliths

    The neolithic people of the Cornish peninsula may have also marked this time of year through various megalithic monuments. Boscawen-Un stone-circle appears to have an Imbolc solar alignment, with the sun setting between the centre and quartz stones (if you stand on the opposite side of the circle.) on February 1st.

    There is another possible solar alignment with the Imbolc sun setting over the now disappeared Boleigh circle, when watched from it’s twin circle the Merry Maidens. Given how many megalithic monuments are now lost or partially destroyed, I would imagine it is likely there were other alignments with Imbolc and other significant dates in the solar and farming calendars.

    How do you mark this time of year? Here in Cornwall I like to sow my first hardy seeds undercover when I see the first snowdrops, and the bluebell shoots poking through the soil. What are your signs that spring is on its way?

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  • Exploring the Mystical History of Merry Maidens

    Exploring the Mystical History of Merry Maidens

    Cover Image: Merry maidens, Penwith. From photoeverywhere.co.uk

    The Merry Maidens, one of Penwith’s four remaining stone circles, are a fine example of a Cornish megalithic monument. A perfect seventy-eight-foot circle, consisting of nineteen granite stones of around four foot in height.

    Once named ‘Dans Maen’ – ‘Dance of Stones’ in Cornish, this is a probable reference to the monument’s adulterated Christian origin myth – maidens turned to stone for dancing on the Sabbath.  

    Often coined as ‘The Cathedrals of the Prehistoric,’ I find stone-circles the most atmospheric and magical of all megalithic sites. The most accepted dating for these monuments is from the early bronze age – 2500 – 1600 BC, although due to a lack of archaeological evidence they remain an enigma of prehistoric society.

    Could they be calendars of stone, wheels of time marking nature’s cycles, following celestial movements, harmonising with earth and cosmos. Or spaces for gatherings, festivals and rites of passage.

    There are thought to have been around ten other stone circles in the Penwith district of Cornwall, most now lost or destroyed.  The Merry Maidens monument itself had a twin circle, a few hundred metres to the east, also sadly destroyed by farmers.

    The high quartz content of these granite menhirs could explain some of the unusual sensations, such as electric shocks reported by visitors to the monument, for quartz is known for its piezo-electric effect.

    Sitting upon the North-facing slope of a hill, above a wooded valley, you can see the notable prehistoric sites of Chapel Carn Brea and Sancreed Beacon from the circle (Carn Galva on the north coast can be seen on a clear day,) suggesting its significance in the landscape.

    This megalith was once part of a greater complex of bronze-age sites.  Within half a mile stand the epic twin menhirs The Pipers, as well as four other bronze-age standing-stones, barrows and even a neolithic cairn. Maybe these sites are key nodes in a network of megalithic monuments which turned the wider landscape into a charged space.

    Some megalith pilgrims have reported peculiar goings on at the Merry Maidens, such anomalous lights and strange disembodied voices.

     Large magnetic variations have been recorded, unusual electromagnetic phenomena that has been known to deflect compass readings. The stones themselves are flattened on the inside and curved on the outside of the circle, which could suggest the possibility that the circle itself acted as some kind of resonator or amplifier.

    These are all curious theories that fire the imagination.

     The neolithic inhabitants of this land were the first to make their mark, the first to adorn and shape the landscape to their liking. Here in the southern half of the Penwith district this process seems to have started with Tregiffian barrow (the chambered cairn that sits just south of the Merry Maidens) and continued through the latter half of the bronze-age, with standing menhirs, holed stones and of course the stone circles.

    In the wooded valley below, in Boleigh, there is evidence of an iron-age settlement and a fine intact example of the uniquely Cornish iron-age fogou.

    Is it possible the Merry Maidens were the crowning glory of a sacred landscape revered over millennia?

    First Published in Ancient Times: Vol. 1

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  • Welcome to the Uncanny Cornwall Blog!

    Welcome to the Uncanny Cornwall Blog!

    Cornwall, a land rich in myth and legend, with it’s ancient, living landscapes and mysterious monuments, its long been associated with the strange and the unknown.

    As an isolated peninsula, Cornwall, Kernow in its native tounge, has retained its ancient folklore and traditions. The Cornish people have kept strong connections with their Celtic past, with the old ways passed down through legend and custom.

    With its many ritual landscapes, and numinous megaliths, thousands of years of Cornish history can be found amongst its wild, liminal spaces.

    In Cornwall you’ll find medieval holy wells, iron-age fogous, spectacularly sited cliff-castles, bronze-age stone circles, and neolithic tor enclosures.

    Folklore rich with giants, fairies, little people, mermaids and other otherworldly inhabitants.

    Feast days and seasonal customs that align with ancient Celtic traditions.