Tag: Stone Circle

  • Exploring Duloe Stone Circle: A Journey Through Time

    Exploring Duloe Stone Circle: A Journey Through Time

    I board the Looe valley line, the two fuggy carriages stuffed with hot, pink skinned tourists. All headed for a bucket and spade day at the seaside.

    My stop, the Cornish hamlet of Causeland, comes into view through the trees of the wooded valley, as the train snakes slowly down the scenic branch line. My destination, one of Cornwall’s most magnificent megalithic monuments. 

    Duloe stone circle is thought to date from the early to middle bronze age – approximately 4000 years ago – around 2000 years BCE. Like all Kernow’s megalithic monuments, it is still an alluring enigma and sits just three miles from Causeland station.

    The train stops here so rarely I must specifically request it with the conductor, who instructs me to ‘wave the driver down’ upon my return.

    With relief I jump off into the fresh air alone. There is a little scrap of platform, with a small concrete shelter. The burbling stream runs alongside, a remnant of the 18th century Looe to Liskeard canal.

    Once the train is out of earshot, I find myself in a timeless scene. The fields behind the stream are alight with riotous swathes of fuchsia fireweed. I’m alone with a chorus of birds, whistling and chattering, accompanied by a band of bees, drunk on the wildflowers.  There is something magical about having a place to myself. I feel like I’ve stepped through the looking glass to another realm. My own secret garden.

    I dally up a narrow lane, lined by old Cornish hedgerows, full of early – summer life. In the cool dappled shade, hogweed dances among the pink campion flowers. Ferns droop and fight with bindweed for space. Foxglove spines set seed, their flowers now just a memory of spring.

    I find the path I identified on the map, starting in the valley, rising out of a carpet of meadowsweet

     I make my way to a clearing atop the hill between two deep valleys of woodland. Butterflies flit among the drooping grass seed. Taking in the view I can see how this was an important vantage point in ancient times. The hill-tops of Bodmin moor to the North – adorned with the remains of prehistoric societies, the Cornish coast to the south.

    I know this is the ridge-top the stone circle sits upon.

    Consulting my map, I choose to rebel against the prescribed right of way. I want to travel as the crow flies, to truly familiarise myself with the landscape the ancient monument belongs to. To travel across country on pilgrimage to a sacred space, like I imagine the bronze-age peoples once did. I have purposefully taken the overland route from the train-stop, avoiding the road, to avoid the trappings of modernity.

    I trespass, keeping to the borders of fields.  Scrambling over hedgerows, following badger tracks, ducking through barbwire.

    I track boot prints into a maize field. Others have been this way. At this point I can hear the stones calling – my internal GPS pulling me.  

    My breath catches as through the hedgerow I glimpse my first sight of the menhirs. I push through the ivy, over the stone wall, into the neighbouring field.

    The stone circle stands in the North end. The grass a sea of standing hay, peppered with hogweed, white flowers bobbing in the breeze. Spires of thistle, adorned with purple crowns. Russet docks, heavy with seed, whisper in the breeze.

    Swathes of drooping nettles border the field, heavy, bowing under the weight of their seeds. Brown butterflies flit amongst them.

    I approach the ring of eight granite, weathered monoliths with a tingle in my sternum. Thick with seams of pearly quartz, dressed in patches of hairy lichens and velvet moss. Hues of pink and grey run through the white rock. The tallest menhir reaches a metre above my head, the smallest shoulder height. Despite being the smallest stone circle in Cornwall, it boasts the grandest, largest stones.

    I step into the monument barefoot, the energy palpable, a visceral reaction in my solar plexus. A distinctly feminine energy.  I admire the stones, running my fingers over them, exploring like a familiar lover. Enjoying the smoothness of the quartz juxtapositioned with the coarseness of the darker granite.

    A feeling of wellbeing, a wave of tingles, like blood returning to a limb, floods my being. My feet connect with the earth energy. I ground myself, taking root in the centre.

     Temporally dislocated, I sink back through the millennia.

    Cornwall Live

    No doubt the monument had many uses over the millennia, for gatherings, ceremonies, healing and connecting with the spirits of the land. The discovery of a bronze age burial urn inside the circle, supposedly containing cremated human bones, suggests to some a burial site – with the circle possibly built around a cairn.

    The four largest stones are set at the cardinal points of North, East, South and West. There is also a potential alignment with late neolithic and bronze age monuments on Bodmin moor to the North. To me this suggests a higher purpose, spiritual work connecting with earth energies and reaching altered states of consciousness. (This is based purely on gut feeling rather than anything resembling archaeological evidence.) It’s possible the urn was buried at this site because of its prior significance.

     I imagine how the white quartz menhirs would have shone beatific by day and glowed celestial in the full moon light. A sacred site drawing pilgrims from across bronze age Britain. The hardships and perils they would have faced upon their journey. Called by this stone monument, set high upon the hill rising between the valleys of thick temperate rainforest. Today it continues to be a treasure, a place of worship, for communing with nature and the ancestors. Frequented by megalith enthusiasts, dowsers, geomancers, pagan worshippers, spiritual pilgrims and local dog walkers.

     Representing different meanings to different people throughout time. Today, after four millennia it stands as a third space, a refuge, a place of healing and regeneration.

    After spending some time with the individual stones, I take myself to the centre to sit and meditate. I sink back to lie upon the welcoming grass. Feeling the breath of the mild breeze upon my face, it wicks the sweat from my brow. The only sound the birdsong and the faint melody of children playing somewhere in the village. The peace is obtrusively broken by the sound of a strimmer starting up in the distant far corner of the large field. I mentally will him to stop and he veers off and takes his strimmer elsewhere. Perhaps subconsciously aware he is not welcome.

    Looking up at the wisps of cloud that float across the azure sky I feel a profound sense of connection between heaven and earth.

    I close my eyes and start my breathing into my meditation. Calling upon the elemental spirits of the earth below, the air above, the water of the blind springs that I suspect flow deep underneath the impermeable granite rock, and the fire of life that animates us all.

    As I lay in the centre, two women arrive at the circle with a curious dog who comes to lie alongside me. As I visualise the healing light rising from the earth, transmitted via the stones the dog reacts, barking until I reach out and place a hand upon him. He settles and continues to lie beside me until I finish my meditation. The owner apologises, but there is no need. I often find dogs are sensitive to the energies that lie within these megalithic monuments.

    Today’s profound experience has left a deep imprint upon me. Pleasantly exhausted I opt for the beaten path back to Causeland train station. I venture through the village and descend back into the valley via an endless hot dusty lane. I reach the cool lushness of the flora rich valley with relief and take my place on the platform to await the train back to Liskeard. I hear the old diesel engine chugging through the trees and, as instructed, wave the driver down.

    First published in Northern Earth Magazine: Issue 182

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  • Discover the Traditions of Imbolc and the Cornish Furry Nights

    Discover the Traditions of Imbolc and the Cornish Furry Nights

    2–3 minutes

    What is Imbolc?

    Otherwise known as Candlemas, Brigid’s or St. Brigit’s day, Imbolc is an ancient Celtic fire festival celebrating the first whispers of Spring as winter comes to a close. Usually celebrated on February the 1st or 2nd, Imbolc marks the mid-point between Winter Solstice and the Spring equinox, when the first hardy shoots of life emerge from the soil. Imbolc means ‘in the belly’ – a probable reference to the time of year when pregnant ewes start to lactate, marking the beginning of the agricultural year.

    As far as we know celebration of Imbolc stems from an iron-age Celtic practice, associated with the Gaelic goddess Brigid and the Brythonic Goddess Brigantia. Both goddesses of fire and fertility are connected with the coming of spring and this fire festival, which is one of the cross-quarter days that make up the Celtic wheel of the year.

    Throughout the British Isles there are neolithic (late stone-age) monuments that align with the rising of the sun at Imbolc – the mid-point between the winter solstice and spring equinox. This suggests that this time of year has been marked as significant since long before the Celtic people arrived on these isles.

    Furry Nights

    In Cornwall the Celtic quarter nights are known as the Furry Nights, or Troyl Nights , meaning feast or celebration. Imbolc, or Candlemas as it is known in Cornwall, is also known as the ‘feast of lights’. Not strictly guided by the calendar, in Cornwall the feast of lights would be guided by nature and those first signs of life, like the arrival of snowdrops. A traditional Cornish drink of ewe’s milk, honey, cider and mashed apples would have been drunk to mark the start of the farming season.

    Cornish Cunning-Folk

    Cornish cunning-folk would ritually mark the end of winter and the return of the sunlight as the days noticeably lengthen. Traditionally fires and candles would be lit to awaken the earth’s life force from its winter slumber. A witch’s powers would be renewed with the coming spring, a time to re-empower charms and such like. A traditional rite would involve a night time procession by candlelight to a holy well, where offerings would be made, small fires would be lit, and the life-force encouraged from the portal of the water.

    Cornwall’s Megaliths

    The neolithic people of the Cornish peninsula may have also marked this time of year through various megalithic monuments. Boscawen-Un stone-circle appears to have an Imbolc solar alignment, with the sun setting between the centre and quartz stones (if you stand on the opposite side of the circle.) on February 1st.

    There is another possible solar alignment with the Imbolc sun setting over the now disappeared Boleigh circle, when watched from it’s twin circle the Merry Maidens. Given how many megalithic monuments are now lost or partially destroyed, I would imagine it is likely there were other alignments with Imbolc and other significant dates in the solar and farming calendars.

    How do you mark this time of year? Here in Cornwall I like to sow my first hardy seeds undercover when I see the first snowdrops, and the bluebell shoots poking through the soil. What are your signs that spring is on its way?

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  • Exploring the Mystical History of Merry Maidens

    Exploring the Mystical History of Merry Maidens

    Cover Image: Merry maidens, Penwith. From photoeverywhere.co.uk

    The Merry Maidens, one of Penwith’s four remaining stone circles, are a fine example of a Cornish megalithic monument. A perfect seventy-eight-foot circle, consisting of nineteen granite stones of around four foot in height.

    Once named ‘Dans Maen’ – ‘Dance of Stones’ in Cornish, this is a probable reference to the monument’s adulterated Christian origin myth – maidens turned to stone for dancing on the Sabbath.  

    Often coined as ‘The Cathedrals of the Prehistoric,’ I find stone-circles the most atmospheric and magical of all megalithic sites. The most accepted dating for these monuments is from the early bronze age – 2500 – 1600 BC, although due to a lack of archaeological evidence they remain an enigma of prehistoric society.

    Could they be calendars of stone, wheels of time marking nature’s cycles, following celestial movements, harmonising with earth and cosmos. Or spaces for gatherings, festivals and rites of passage.

    There are thought to have been around ten other stone circles in the Penwith district of Cornwall, most now lost or destroyed.  The Merry Maidens monument itself had a twin circle, a few hundred metres to the east, also sadly destroyed by farmers.

    The high quartz content of these granite menhirs could explain some of the unusual sensations, such as electric shocks reported by visitors to the monument, for quartz is known for its piezo-electric effect.

    Sitting upon the North-facing slope of a hill, above a wooded valley, you can see the notable prehistoric sites of Chapel Carn Brea and Sancreed Beacon from the circle (Carn Galva on the north coast can be seen on a clear day,) suggesting its significance in the landscape.

    This megalith was once part of a greater complex of bronze-age sites.  Within half a mile stand the epic twin menhirs The Pipers, as well as four other bronze-age standing-stones, barrows and even a neolithic cairn. Maybe these sites are key nodes in a network of megalithic monuments which turned the wider landscape into a charged space.

    Some megalith pilgrims have reported peculiar goings on at the Merry Maidens, such anomalous lights and strange disembodied voices.

     Large magnetic variations have been recorded, unusual electromagnetic phenomena that has been known to deflect compass readings. The stones themselves are flattened on the inside and curved on the outside of the circle, which could suggest the possibility that the circle itself acted as some kind of resonator or amplifier.

    These are all curious theories that fire the imagination.

     The neolithic inhabitants of this land were the first to make their mark, the first to adorn and shape the landscape to their liking. Here in the southern half of the Penwith district this process seems to have started with Tregiffian barrow (the chambered cairn that sits just south of the Merry Maidens) and continued through the latter half of the bronze-age, with standing menhirs, holed stones and of course the stone circles.

    In the wooded valley below, in Boleigh, there is evidence of an iron-age settlement and a fine intact example of the uniquely Cornish iron-age fogou.

    Is it possible the Merry Maidens were the crowning glory of a sacred landscape revered over millennia?

    First Published in Ancient Times: Vol. 1

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